List of shipwrecks of Cornwall
The list of shipwrecks of Cornwall lists the ships which sank on or near the coasts of mainland Cornwall. The list includes ships that sustained a damaged hull, which were later refloated and repaired. Around a coast of approximately 250 miles an estimated 6000 ships have been wrecked, more than any other comparable coastline of the British Isles.[1]
N.B. For those wrecks in the Isles of Scilly, see List of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly
Before 1601
1284
1314
1318
- February 8 (first report) – unidentified sailing vessel on voyage from Portugal to Flanders ″.. cast away when anchored by contrary winds in Padistowe″. Men and cargo saved.[3]
1321
- April 30 (first report) – a cargo (including jewels) worth £6000 was lost when the sailing vessel St Bartholomew of Bilbao lost near Lizard Point whilst heading for La Seyne.[3]
1343
- February 10 (first report) – sailing vessel Tarite wrecked on the south coast of Cornwall whilst heading for Falmouth. Cargo valued at £3000.[3]
1527
1589 or 1590
- A small galleon captured on the Spanish Main in the summer of 1589 by George Clifford, the Earl of Cumberland, and sent home as a "prize" the following winter. Under the command of Christopher Lister and with a cargo of looted silver, she was lost with all hands in a gale near Penzance.[4]
1601–1700
1619
- unknown date – a ship ( Spain) carrying silver bullion near Polpear Cove.[5]
1635
- February – a galleon ( Spain) homeward bound from the Indies was captured and looted by the Dutch. Putting into "Guavers Lake" (Gwavas Lake) off Newlyn she hit the Low Lee ledge. Attempts at salvage by the authorities were opposed by the inhabitants of Mousehole and Market Jew who raided the ship at night and took away "two hundred hides". A looted cannon from this ship was salvaged by the Greencastle in 1916 and for many years was in front of Penzance Library, before being stolen.[4]
1639
- unknown date – a ship carrying garments and other possessons of Charles I wrecked at Godrevy. Only a boy and a dog survived.[5]
1649
- January 30 – the Garland on voyage to France was wrecked on Godrevy Island in a "great storm". Of the sixty crew and passengers only one man, a boy and dog survived.[6]
1659
- unknown date – a Dutch West Indian ship wrecked off Sennen Cove with a cargo of silver ingots.[5]
1667
- an 800 ton ship ( Genoa) with 48 guns and a value of £100 000 lost on the Lizard. This wreck may be the ship the Ferdinand Research Group discovered in 1969 below Angrouse Cliff near Mullion Cove[7]
1669
- San Salvador ( France) near the Lizard. This wreck may be the ship the Ferdinand Research Group discovered in 1969 below Angrouse Cliff near Mullion Cove.[7]
1684
- April 4 – the Schiedam a Dutch built fluit and, at the time, a sixth rate transport ship of the English fleet wrecked at Jangye Ryn near Gunwalloe Church Cove.[8]
1701–1800
1703
1721
1748
- a ″large mob of villagers″ from Porthleven looted the Jonge Alicada of 170 tons of Bordeaux wine. She was on voyage to Amsterdam.[5]
1753
- December 4 or 14 – whilst enroute from Bordeaux for Amsterdam the Heneda of Wergham lost in Mount's Bay about a league from Penzance. Most of the cargo of nuts and wine was saved.[11]
1760
- Autumn – a xebecca the Cavalla Bianca ( Ottoman Empire) wrecked on Chimney Rock, Penzance. The crew of Algerian corsairs and Turkish soldiers were delighted to find they were wrecked in Cornwall rather than Spain and they were repatriated to Algiers aboard a British warship.[4]
1767
- August 28 – the Olive Branch from Liverpool caught fire about two leagues off Penzance and went down with her cargo. The crew were saved by local fisherman.[3]
1780
- a ship with several tons of gold coins wrecked at Gunwalloe. The cove is sometimes known as Dollar Cove.[5]
1786
- the Metta Catharina sank off Mount Edgcumbe with a cargo of calf hides, glassware and other items. The wreck was discovered in 1973 and some of the goods salvaged.[12]
1798
- an American ship moored in Gwavas Lake broke its moorings, drifted towards the Wherry Mine striking its ″turret″ and flooding the mine, causing it to cease trading.[13]
1801–1850
- An estimated 25–30 vessels were lost on the Manacles off the east Lizard coast between about 1810 and 1855 with the loss of 700 to 800 lives. [14]
- Between 1823 and 1846 almost 150 vessels were lost between Land's End and Trevose Head.[9]
1802
- March 2 – Suffolk ( United Kingdom) of London carrying bale goods and rice from Bengal driven ashore near the mouth of the Hayle river in a NE gale. Nineteen of the crew were saved by a line floated ashore from the ship, two died in their hammocks, too ill to move.[1]
1803
- several wrecks in Mount's Bay during the winter of 1802–03 led to the setting up of a lifeboat station at Penzance followiing a donation by Lloyds and public subscription.[1]
1807
- November 4 – brigantine Harmonia ( Portugal) on voyage from Oporto to Sligo with cork, wine and oranges driven ashore at Portreath. An attempt to save the crew ended when three of the would-be rescuers drowned. Captain and eight crew of the Harmonia were eventually saved.[1]
- December 29 – HMS Anson ( Royal Navy) driven on to the Loe Bar with the loss of an estimated 60–100 lives. Local solicitor, Thomas Grylls, drafted a new law which became the Burial of Drowned Persons Acts 1808 (also known as the Grylls' Act) to provide decent burial for drowned seamen; and Henry Trengrouse developed a rocket apparatus to shoot lines across the surf to shipwrecks, an early form of the breeches buoy.[15][16]
1809
- January 22 – transport ship Dispatch and Brig-of-War HMS Primrose both sank after hitting the Manacles with the loss of almost two hundred lives.[17]
1812
- Mar 20 – the diary of a fisherman recorded "This night seven vessels which were in the Mount Road riding, parted and was driven on shore. Three to the Westward ... are an entire wreack ... out of which four or five men and a boy was drowned".[4]
1814
- January 13 – Troop transport ship Queen wrecked off Trefusis Point, Mylor returning from the Peninsular War with loss of over 250 lives. The survivors were 99 (including 85 soldiers).[18][19]
- unknown date – The Mentor a West Indiaman from Martinique driven on the Chyandour rocks. Only one of the 25 crew survived.[20]
1815
- October 19 – ″A most stormy night, when the Dutch East Indiaman was wrecked in Mount's Bay″.[21]
1816
- July 16 – Scilly packet the Lord Howe ( United Kingdom) hit a rock off Kemyel Point, beyond Mousehole. A fishing fleet nearby took off the passengers, crew and most of the cargo.[4]
- September 15 – Pilot schooner HMS Whiting ( Royal Navy) on her way to patrol the Irish Sea took refuge from a gale and tried to enter Padstow harbour without a pilot. She grounded on the Doom Bar on an ebb tide[22]
1817
- January 19 and 20 – a storm with huricane force winds caused damage to property from Plymouth to Land's End. At Penzance two ships sank within the harbour, a third filled with water and a fourth broke her moorings and went ashore. At Polperro thirty boats and two seines ″shared in the common calamity and exposed the unhappy sufferers to distress from which the industry of years can scarcely be expected to relieve them″.[21]
- March 20 – brig Mary wrecked at Fassel Geaver Cove near Godrevy during a northerly gale. All crew saved. A number of people described as ″Camborne Miners″ were committed to trial at the Assize after stealing the anchors, food and clothing.[1]
1818
- April – Brig Victoria ( Sweden) with a cargo of wine driven ashore . Looters swarmed on board but driven away by the Penrith Yeomanry.[4]
1828
- April – Brig Albion wrecked near Penzance and crew saved by the rocket apparatus and by a gig.[23]
1837
- unknown date – the Riot Act was read by the Rev. Mr. Buller of St Just after looting of the Le Landois ( France) by a ″drunken mob of over 4000 people″ when she went ashore in Whitesand Bay near Gribba Point with a cargo of wines, cordials, cotton, velvet, tobacco and brandy.[1][9]
1838
- unknown date – 122 ton schooner Rival ( United Kingdom) on voyage from Bristol to Poole grounded on Porthminster beach with a cargo of salt. All five crew survived.[24]
1843
- unknown date – Jessie Logan enroute from Calcutta to Liverpool with cotton and wool onboard wrecked at Boscastle.[5]
1844
1847
- November 20 – Elizabeth ( Norway) of Bergen wrecked at Gunwalloe. The Master and three of the crew saved by breeches-bouy.[1]
1851–1900
1851
- January 11 – 250 ton brigantine New Commercial ( United Kingdom) of Whitby on the Brisons. The Captain and his wife were rescued from the rocks of Little Brison after over 24 hours of failed attempts, Mrs Sanderson dying of exposure before she could get ashore. One other crew survived after building a makeshift craft from wreckage, drifting into Whitsand Bay and being picked by the a local boat Grace.[25][1][9]
1854
- unknown date – Swift with a cargo of coal was driven onto a sandbank during a gale whilst seeking shelter at St Ives. All the crew saved. During the same storm the Concord carrying a cargo of iron was also driven onto the same sandbank. All six crew saved.[24]
- unknown date – a propeller driven steamship Nile hit the Stones reef and sank..[26]
1855
- May 3 – barque John hit one of the eastern rocks of the Manacles in fine weather. The Captain (Edwin Rawle) forbade the lowering of boats and 196 lives were lost. He was later found guilty of manslaughter.[14]
1856
- May 6 – the first (unnamed) Sennen Cove lifeboat, on her only shout, towed the Charles Adolphe of La Rochelle to Penzance after she collided with an unnamed vessel in a south–east gale off Land's End.[9]
- unknown date – 77 drowned when Cherubim ( United States) and Ocean Home ( United States) collided off Lizard Point.[5]
1857
- unknown date – the schooner-brigantine Mary Welch with a cargo of coal wrecked on the Stones at Godrevy with the loss of all the crew. Godrevy Lighthouse was built on the island for £7000 following an outcry over the loss of lives.[24]
1858
- October 7 – schooner Hopewell in Mount's Bay.[23]
1861
- February – a Bideford polacca brigantine Hero ( United Kingdom) slipped her moorings in Penzance harbour in SSW hurricane force winds. Four of her crew and two others drowned.[4]
1862
- – a brigantine, Sainte Prospere in difficulties under Rinsey Head. There was some controversy as the Penzance lifeboat failed to assist.[23]
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
- November 30 – Penzance boat Jane and Mary (ex Van Tromp) driven ashore and broke up on Chyandour rocks.[3]
- unknown date – barquentine Bessie of St Ives heading for her home port from Baltimore drifted in the Atlantic for three weeks. The City of Tanjore rescued the crew and took them to Penzance.[24]
1873
- January 26 – brig Otto ( Norway) of Moss 58 days out from Bahia to Falmouth wrecked. The Penzance lifeboat Richard Lewis ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) rescued eight men, a dog and a pig at the third attempt, Wrecked again in 1888.[4]
- February 2 – easterly, hurricane strength winds wrecked the schooners Rose ( United Kingdom) and Treaty ( United Kingdom) whilst the lifeboat was oncall off the Eastern Green, Penzance to aid the schooner Marie Emile ( France) which was heading for her home port of Lorient with a cargo of coal from Cardiff. All four saved on board.[4][23]
- March – the Boyne, a 690 ton iron–hulled barque, under Angrouse Cliff near Mullion Cove.[7]
1877
- March 3 – sailing barge Elizabeth Scown ( United Kingdom) with a cargo of granite hit the reef near the Bude breakwater. The Bude Lifeboat ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) was struck by a large wave breaking her rudder and several oars, and capsized when hit by a second wave. The coxswain James Maynard was the only crew member not to wear a regulation cork lifejacket and the only casualty.[1]
1878
- unknown date – fishing boat Jabez of St Ives ( United Kingdom) drifted onto rocks in a gale. Three members of one family, the Basset's, drowned and two other fishermen survived.[24]
1879
1880
1882
- November 16 – when attempting to help the crew of the schooner Susan Elizabeth which was driven under the Black Cliffs in a gale, the lifeboat Isis ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) capsized. No lives lost from either vessel. [1]
- unknown date – Welsh schooner Nive sprung a leak eight miles southeast of Penzance[3]
1883
- January 9 – whilst bound for Dinn from Swansea, with a cargo of coal, the Guernsey registered cutter Spring was in collision with a schooner and suffered damage to her jib boom and stern. The Sennen Cove lifeboat Denzil and Maria Onslow ( assisted with her safe anchorage and took off the three man crew.[9]
- September 1 – Newport registered barque G I Jones ( United Kingdom) carrying phosphate rock from Bull River, California to Falmouth, driven ashore at Stackhouse Cove in a SSW gale and quickly broke up. All thirteen crew were lost.[28]
1884
- January 26 – the 381 ton barque Cviet ( Austria-Hungary) of Ragusa was deliberately run aground, 300 m east of Porthleven harbour, during a severe gale, in an attempt to save the lives of the crew. 600 ton of logs were salvaged and three of the crew lost their lives.[28]
1885
- February 1 – the Barquentine Petrellen ( Norway) of Porsgrund beached at Long Rock, Cornwall.[31] The ten crew were the first to be rescued by the Penzance lifeboat Dora[23]
- April 17 – the 85 ton steamer Ransome ( United Kingdom) hit the Low Lee rocks off Mousehole. With pumps working on full she sank just a few metres short of Penzance harbour, her captain's home town. Within six days bad weather had destroyed the wreck.[28]
1886
1888
- May 17 – the 111 ton wooden brigantine Jeune Hortense ( France) dragged her anchors in Mount's Bay and went ashore at Eastern Green to the east of Penzance. The crew of three and the boy were saved by the Penzance lifeboat Dora ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution).[28]
- May 17 – the Otto stranded. Later renamed Providence and operated out of Penzance.[4]
- May 17 – brigantine Nulli Secundus ( Germany) stranded. Previously named Tobacco and stranded on the Eastern Green in 1865.[4]
1889
- October – Welsh collier Llandaff ( United Kingdom) at Land's End (also wrecked on the Cornish coast in October 1899)[35]
- October 15 – Malta ( United Kingdom) bound for Liverpool from Italy went ashore in dense fog at Wheal Castle, near Botallack, St Just in Penwith; vessel was a complete loss but no lives were lost[36][9]
1891
- March – the smack The Dove driven ashore at Porthoustock Cove. All three crew saved by James Henry Cliff carrying a line through the surf. On the same night two other vessels at the mouth of the cove were too far out to offer assistance; and the Bay of Panama was wrecked between the cove and Pennare Point on 10 March with some of the crew freezing to death in the rigging. Nineteen saved by the rocket apparatus.[37]
- September 30 – the Longships lighthouse reported a schooner Annie Davis of Carmarthen to be in difficulties and despite a search by the Sennen Cove lifeboat Denzil and Maria Onslow ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) after flares were seen off the Brisons she was not found. The ship was found the following day abandoned in the Bristol Channel.[9]
- December 8 – the Brixham schooner Torbay Lass ( United Kingdom) sank within a few hundred metres of Penzance harbour. On tow after unloading her cargo of coal on St Michael's Mount the tug Merlin suffered a drop in steam pressure and Torbay Lass drifted onto the Cressars off Penzance promenade. Pulled clear by the steamship Lady of the Isles she sank after a few hundred yards.[28]
- unknown date – a brig The Baron ( France) wrecked on the Lowlands, the Lizard.[37]
1893
1894
- November – in two separate incidents the Forester and the Dryad hit the Manacles.[37]
- December 24 – in dense fog HMS Lynx ( Royal Navy) struck rocks off Sennen Cove. She managed to make her way to Devonport for repairs.[9]
1895
- January 1 – Barque Antoinette on voyage from Newport to Brazil with coal lost parts of her masts near Lundy, then broke her tow and drifted onto the Doom Bar. All crew saved.[40]
- January 25 – Hayle lifeboat New Oriental Bank ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) was dragged over eleven miles to Portreath to come to the aid of the SS Escurial. Eleven crew of the Escurial drowned.[1]
- January – the Andola struck the Carclew Rocks, the Porthoustock Lifeboat saved 28 crew.[37]
- May 13 - French passenger steamship Paknam was wrecked at Morvah Cliffs.[41]
- October 17 – Harberton ( United Kingdom) of London and enroute to Barry in ballast when she hit the Kettle's Bottom Reef between Land's End and the Longships. On a rising tide she drifted off and a steam tug towed her into Whitesand Bay.[9]
- November 26 – barque Anne Elizabeth hit the Manacles. Five drowned and four saved by the rocket apparatus.[37]
- December 24 – Schooner Pilgrim ( United Kingdom) went missing off Land's End[4]
1896
- March – Brigantine Henry Harvey United Kingdom stranded on Battery Rocks, Penzance during a gale. Five persons aboard were rescued by lifeboat.[42]
- March – Sailing ship Bay of Panama was wrecked under Nare Head, near St Keverne, during a great blizzard.[32] The ship carried jute from Calcutta; 18 of those on board died but 19 were saved.[43]
- September 26 – Alexander Yeats ( United Kingdom) ran aground at Gurnard's Head. Crew of 19 rescued.[31]
- November 8 – Giles Lang of St Ives deliberately beached at Bude Haven in order to save the lives of the crew.[1]
1897
- unknown date – the crew of the Plantagenet landed on Blackhead after she hit the Manacles.[37]
1898
1899
- January – the steamer Voorwaarts ( Italy) at Morwenstow.[34]
- February 4 – the Penzance schooner Mary Hannah ( United Kingdom) on passage from Cardiff to Plymouth with a cargo of coal. Disabled after the main boom was damaged in a huge sea and gale off the Lizard, she headed for Newlyn but was unable to enter the harbour and ran ashore at Tolcarne. All four crew were rescued by breeches-buoy.[28]
- May – the liner Paris ( United States) was grounded at Lowland Point near Coverack. The Falmouth and Porthoustock lifeboats helped transfer her passengers to tugs; the ship was successfully salved after seven weeks work.[45]
- October – the Welsh collier Llandaff ( United Kingdom) at Bude (also wrecked on the Cornish coast in 1889)[35]
1900
- March – Concord ( United Kingdom) sank on the Triggs, just outside her home port, Porthleven.[4]
- April 11 – the ketch Peace and Plenty of Lowestoft ( United Kingdom), struck the Greenaway Rocks, off Padstow. Five of her crew were rescued by the Trebetherick Rocket Brigade and three were drowned. The lifeboat Arab ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) was struck by a tremendous wave which buried the lifeboat, washed eight of her crew overboard and broke all 10 of her oars. The lifeboat was wrecked on the rocks and all the crew got ashore safely. The steam lifeboat James Stevens No. 4 ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) then launched and, as she was leaving the harbour, she was caught by a heavy swell and capsized.[23]
- December – Barque Capricorno ( Austria-Hungary) at Bude, Cornwall, United Kingdom[46]
- December – the crew of the Seine 27 saved by the Coastguard rescue team at Mawgan Porth[1]
- Unknown date – Ketch Star of Scilly United Kingdom wrecked on Porthminster Point, St. Ives, crew rescued by lifeboat.[24]
1901–1918
1901
- November 18 – Penzance schooner Mary James ( United Kingdom) bound for Swansea from Newlyn with copper ore lost her mast and sails off the Longships and the wreckage was washed up on the Brisons the next day. The crew of six had been taken off by the Sennen Lifeboat Ann Newbon ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution)[4][9]
- December 7 - the sailing ship Rodney was wrecked on the coast of Cornwall on voyage from Iquique to France with a cargo of nitrate.[47]
1902
- January – Barque Glenbervie ( United Kingdom) wrecked at Lowland Point near Coverack, laden with 600 barrels of whisky, 400 barrels of brandy and barrels of rum.[31] The 16 crew were saved by lifeboat.[48]
- May 27 – HMS Recruit ( Royal Navy) struck rocks half a mile north of Cape Cornwall. Refloated and towed to Penzance by tugs.[9]
1903
- February 4 – Berwick ( United Kingdom) of Newcastle wrecked on the Runnelstone; the crew took to two boats one of which reached land and the other with five crew taken to Penzance in the Sennen Cove lifeboat Ann Newbon ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution)[9]
- End of February or early March – barque Luna ( United Kingdom) on passage from New Zealand to Liverpool lost part of her mast and head gear off Pendeen, and drifted onto the Brisons in a north–west–by–west gale. All the crew were lost.[9]
- September – Enterprise ( United Kingdom) lost her sails and wrecked in hurricane force winds off St Ives. The three crew rescued by lifeboat.[24]
1904
- September 1 – steamship Lady of the Isles ( United Kingdom) on an excursion hit a sunken ledge off Carn Du and later beached at Lamorna Cove. The passengers had to walk the four miles back to Penzance. She was later salvaged by the Little Western Salvage Company who fitted her out as a salvage steamer and attended most Cornish wrecks over the next thirty years[4]
1905
- March 14 – the 1,967 ton barque Khyber wrecked under the cliff at Tol-Pedn-Penwith. Neither the Penzance or Sennen Lifeboats could reach the ship and 23 crew lost[23]
- July 5 – Newlyn lugger Diana ( United Kingdom) steamed into the Hamburgans Rocks off Penzance promenade when the watch fell asleep. Floated on the late afternoon tide.[4]
- August 4 – the 400 ton steel barque Noisiel ( France) was blown ashore in a violent storm at Praa Sands. She was en route from Cherbourg to Savona with a 600 ton cargo of armour plate from the gun turrets of obsolete battleships.[49][28]
1906
- February – the Workington collier Stainburn ( United Kingdom) almost wrecked on the Runnelstone and caught fire. Managed to make her way to Penzance where she was repaired.[4]
- February – the St Ives pilot boat Buller ( United Kingdom) with seven pilots on board, capsized, in St Ives Bay when she was hit by a schooner, throwing all her occupants into the water. No fatalities.[50]
- July 31 - the French ship Socoa was stranded off Kildonan Point, Lizard in dense fog, she was re-floated after jettisoning 50000 barrels of cement and beached in Cadgwith Cove. She was later towed round to Falmouth and repaired.[51]
- August 23 – the steamer Primrose ( United Kingdom) on a journey from her home port of Garston with coal, hit the Low Lee rocks in a thick fog one mile from her destination, Newlyn.[28]
1907
- February – Brigantine Julien Marie ( France) ran aground at Porthminster Beach, St Ives.[52]
- March 17 – Suevic ( United Kingdom) White Star Line vessel ran aground on Lizard Point. She was blown in half by salvagers using dynamite and the stern section taken to Southampton to be assembled to a new bow. The old bow was dispensed to the sea. Four lifeboats saved 456 persons from the wreck (the largest number ever saved by the RNLI from a single vessel).[48]
- October 17 – Schooner Susan Elizabeth ( United Kingdom) wrecked on Porthminster Beach and the crew rescued by lifeboat.[24] Remains dynamited two years later.[31]
- November 1 – Thames sailing barge Baltic ( United Kingdom) ran onto St Clement's Isle, Mousehole en route to Newlyn with cement for the harbour works. Her crew were saved by Mousehole fishermen on the crabber Lady White who were unimpressed with the non–appearance of the lifeboat stuck in the mud at Penzance. The Baltic ended her days as a hulk in an Essex creek.[4][23]
1908
1909
1910
- March 13 – Brixham trawler Harry ( United Kingdom) stranded at Porthcurno and taken in tow by the Sennen Cove lifeboat Ann Newbon ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution)[9]
- September 5 - steam cargo ship William Cory carrying a cargo of timber from Uleaborg to Newport was wrecked at Pendeen.[53]
- October 10 – Schooner Olympe ( United Kingdom) beached at Gunwalloe Church Cove, Cornwall.[54]
- November – Steamer Wimborne ( United Kingdom) was wrecked under Carn Barra Point near Land's End, Cornwall, United Kingdom; the crew were rescued by rocket lines from the shore.[55]
- unknown date – ore carrying ship Febrero hit an un–named rock to the north–east of the Runnel Stone; all hands lost bar, the cook.[56]
1911
- April 29 – SS Cragoswald ( United Kingdom) hit the Low Lee Reef off Mousehole[42] on a journey from Barry Docks to Venice with 4000 tons of coal. The steamer was on a detour to drop the Chief Engineer at Penzance (for hospital), and mistook the Low Lee buoy for a similar looking one near Porthleven. Refloated.[28]
- November 3 – Sailing ship Hansy ( Norway) was wrecked at Penolver on the eastern side of the Lizard, three men were saved by lifeboat and the rest were taken off by rocket apparatus.[57]
- November 12 – Schooner, Island Maid, hit the Doom Bar. All five crew saved by the Padstow lifeboat Arab ( .[58]
- November 12 – Brigantine, Angele, ran aground on the Doom Bar, Padstow. with only one survivor, the ship's captain[59]
- December (before the 8th) – Van Dyck ( Belgium) stranded on the Wolf Rock. All but three of the crew killed when a lifeboat capsized. Refloated herself and taken in tow by a trawler whilst adrift and arrived at Penzance on 8 December. Returned to service.[60]
- December 13 – Barque Saluto ( Norway), of Christiansand, wrecked at Cudden Point in Mount's Bay.[31] The ship was a total loss but the Newlyn lifeboat Elizabeth & Blanche ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) took the crew of 13 men off when she was half a mile off the Greeb Rocks. The ship was bound for the West Indies and was the last big sailing boat rescued in Mount's Bay.[49][23]
- unknown date – Mousehole lugger Weatherall ( United Kingdom) sank about four miles off the Longships when she collided with Lowestoft sailing trawler Trevone ( United Kingdom) All the crew, bar Paul Humphreys, scrambled aboard the trawler.[61]
1912
- February - German barque Pindos was wrecked on the Guthen Rocks near Coverack. All 28 of the crew were rescued by the Coastguard and the Coverack lifeboat. A few days later the ship was broken up in a storm.[62]
- February 12 – Fleetwood trawler Maud ( United Kingdom) drifted ashore at Kynance Cove when her tow broke.[4]
- March 21 – City of Cardiff ( United Kingdom) wrecked at Nanjizal, two miles south of Land's End.[63] The Sennen Life–Saving Apparatus Team took the crew off by breeches buoy.[23]
- April 6 – Gunvor ( Norway) wrecked on Pedn-Men-an-Mor rocks, Black Head, The Lizard; the crew scrambled to safety.[31][64]
- April 6 – Barquentine Mildred ( United Kingdom) struck rocks at Gurnard's Head in dense fog and sank with her sails set. No lives lost.[31]
- July – the steamship Transporter ( United Kingdom) of North Shields with ballast from St Nazaire to the Tyne for coal went ashore south of Mousehole in thick fog. The salvage steamer Lady of the Isles hauled her clear and she resumed her journey undamaged.[28]
- December 26 – SS Tripolitania ( Italy), was wrecked on Loe Bar, near Porthleven in 100 mph winds whilst in ballast from Genoa to Barry for coal. All of her 28 crew, bar one, were saved and the ship was finally broken up for scrap after attempts to refloat her failed.[32][28] Two of the crew of the Penzance Lifeboat Janet Hoyle ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution)died of pneumonia the following Thursday.[23]
- unknown date – fishing ketch Triumph sunk on the Doom Bar.[40]
1913
- April 4 – ketch Woolwich Infant of Falmouth was abandoned by her crew and went ashore near Land's End.[9]
- August 14 – J Duncan ( United Kingdom) of Cardiff and bound from her home port to Devonport with coal was stranded at Tol Pedn and abandoned by her crew.[9]
1914
- January 18 – HMS A7 ( Royal Navy): Sank in Whitesand Bay, Sennen, with the loss of 11 lives.
- February 1 - the barquentine Hera ( Germany) hit the Gull Rock, off Nare Head in severe weather; five rescued and nineteen lost. The grave at Veryan is the longest grave in Britain.[65]
- March 15 – barque Trifolium ( Sweden) at Whitesand Bay, Sennen; six crewmen saved, five were drowned.[66]
World War I
1915
- April 16 – the 72 ton steam drifter the Pearl ( United Kingdom) was stranded at 0900 in fog off Penzance promenade whilst trying to enter Newlyn harbour. She refloated at 1630.[28]
- May 23 – bound for Falmouth from Chile, Liverpool square–rigger Cromdale ( United Kingdom) grounded on rocks at Bass Point, the Lizard and abandoned within ten minutes. Broke up in SSW gale a week later.[4]
- July 2 – Boudougnat ( Belgium) was torpedoed and sunk by U-39 south of Lizard Point.[67]
1917
1918
- November 5 – the armed cargo vessel Lake Harris ( United States) beached at Penzance railway station after a gunfight off Land's End with a surfaced German submarine. Whilst refloated and towed to Falmouth for repairs; an Admiralty tug Epic ( United Kingdom) went on to the rocks, for two days. A second tug Blazer ( United Kingdom) was later wrecked on the Isles of Scilly[28][4]
1919–1945
1919
- November 30 – one of three Royal Navy Armed Motor Launches under the escort of a destroyer on passage from Queenstown to Southampton suffered from a disabled engine in heavy seas off Land's End. HM ML No 378 ( Royal Navy). Towing hawsers parted on two occasions and she drifted towards the Longships. Her crew of nine took to a dinghy which capsized and four were picked up by the Sennen lifeboat Ann Newbon ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution). Four other crew made it to the Longships and also rescued by the lifeboat.[1]
1920
- January – the steam trawler Anémone ( France) ran ashore on Loe Bar.[4]
- March – several vessels ran aground in thick fog including the Lowestoft steam trawler Golden Gift ( United Kingdom) which ran aground on the Larrigan Rocks, Penzance. Refloated on the next tide.[4]
- unknown date – steamship Lake Grafton hit Lee Ore, part of the Runnel Stone reef and sank.[56]
1921
- November – the steamship Jannakis ( Greece) stranded on the eastern side of Praa Sands. Driven further ashore by successive gales, she was refloated in January 1922 by The Lady and Greencastle of the Little Western Salvage Company.[28][4]
1923
- 23 February - the barquentine Adolf Vinnen ( Germany) was wrecked at Bass Point on her maiden voyage. All crew saved by breeches-buoy.[1]
- 8 October – the 6,000 ton City of Westminster bound from Belfast to Rotterdam with a cargo of South African maize knocked the top of the Runnelstone reef clean off. A total of 48 people were taken off by the Sennen and Penlee lifeboats and a further 25 in the ship's boat were towed to Newlyn by the steam drifter Pioneer. Today the remains lie in 30m of water, jammed into a gully on the eastern side of the stone.[69][23]
1924
- August – Cardiff collier River Ely ( United Kingdom) grounded on Mousehole Island. Later towed to Penzance by the Greencastle ( United Kingdom), a salvage ship belonging to the Western Marine Salvage Company.[4]
1928
- October – Schooner S F Pearce ( United Kingdom) spent a few hours under Trewavas Head, Mount's Bay in a southerly gale. The crew managed to get the engine going and clear of the rocks[4]
- unknown date – steel barque Alice Marie ( France) hit the Runnelstone, drifted and sank in Mount's Bay where it is now a dive site.[26]
1929
1931
- September – Lyminge ( United Kingdom) ran aground on Ebal Rocks off Gurnard's Head. The crew and passengers rowed ashore, Ship's cat rescued later.[24]
- November 3 – the schooner Sainte Annen ( France) went ashore while attempting to enter Porthleven harbour, for repairs, whilst on a voyage from Port Talbot to Vannes with coal. All six crew were saved.[28]
1932
- unknown date – Glamorgan Coast ( United Kingdom) on voyage from Bristol to Penzance grounded in fog near Cape Cornwall. The fourteen crew and one passenger rowed ashore to safety.[24]
- October – schooner Sarah Evans ( United Kingdom) near Porthtowan, the three crewmen were rescued[71]
1935
- January – ketch Cicelia ( United Kingdom) broke her moorings in St Ives harbour and collided with numerous vessels. Broke up on Pednolva Rocks.[24]
1936
- January 27 – Taycraig ( United Kingdom) of London hit the Gear Rock, off Penzance promenade whilst heading to Newlyn to pick up roadstone. All nine crew saved. Broke up and sank three days later.[4]
- October – SS Bessemer City ( United States) wrecked at Clodgy Point, St. Ives. All crew rescued, cargo salvaged by local people after washing up on beaches and said to have fed them for months.[24][5]
1937
- unknown date – steamer sail ship Aida Lauro ( Italy) on voyage from Liverpool to Hull went aground on Castle Rocks near Cape Cornwall in dense fog. All seventeen crew saved by the St Ives lifeboat ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution).[24]
1938
- January 31 – Alba ( Panama): Ran aground at Porthmeor Beach near St Ives. All 23 crew rescued after a wait of seven minutes whilst they packed their suitcases, but five later drowned when the lifeboat Caroline Parsons ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) capsized. The remaining men were saved by the Life Saving Apparatus (LSA) crew and bystanders.[24][72][1]
1939
World War II
1940
- January 20 – Coroni River ( Houlder Brothers & Co Ltd), London struck by a mine laid by U-34 and sunk off Falmouth.[4]
- January 30 – Keramiai ( N.D. Lykiardopulo).[67] part of Convoy OA 80G, torpedoed and sunk by U-55 ( Kriegsmarine) Off Lands End ()[76]
- May 31 – Polycarp ( United Kingdom) torpedoed off west Cornwall.[4]
- July 1 – Ocean Liner Avelona Star ( Blue Star Line) torpedoed by the German submarine U-43 on 30 June, sank the next day.
- October 3 – former Isles of Scilly ferry the Lady of the Isles ( Royal Navy), requisitioned by the Admiralty as an Auxiliary vessel, sunk by a mine off Killigerran Head near Falmouth together with the tug Aid. Six ships in as many weeks were sunk off Falmouth by mines.[4]
- November 24 – Belgian trawler Simone Marguerite ( Belgium) sunk by gunfire whilst fishing in Mount's Bay. Her crew were picked up by another trawler Roger Denise ( Belgium).
- November 25 – a small convoy of two steamers and a tanker from Plymouth attacked by German destroyers in Mount's Bay. Tanker Apollonia ( Netherlands) sunk by the Karl Galster ( Kriegsmarine).[77] Fourteen crew killed and 20 survivors. Steamer Stadion 11 ( United Kingdom) left afloat, when the German destroyers left, but not seen again.[4]
- Unknown date – requisitioned trawler Royalo ( Royal Navy) sank at the entrance to Penzance harbour whilst clearing a string of magnetic mines. Nine survivors.[4]
1941
- March 8 – Steamer Nurgis ( Norway) sunk and collier Margo ( United Kingdom) heavilly damaged by aircraft in Mount's Bay.[4]
1944
- January 5 – a small convoy (WP457) under escort by the destroyer HMS Mackay ( Royal Navy) attacked by German E-boats which were laying in wait under the shelter of land between Porthcurno and the Runnelstone. Escort trawler Wallasea torpedoed, steamer Underwood blown up, steamer Solstadd ( Norway) sunk (14 survivors) and the Cornish owned coaster Polperro ( Netherlands) went down with all 11 crew killed.[4]
- January 6 – several ships in different convoy, to that mentioned above, sunk by E-boats and crews rescued by the Penlee lifeboat.[4]
- January 20 – HMS Warwick ( Royal Navy) sunk by U-413 ( Kriegsmarine) off Trevose Head. Over half of her crew were lost.
1945
- March 21 – coaster Pacific ( Netherlands) on voyage from Maryport to Penryn torpedoed by U-299 ( Kriegsmarine). The U-boat herself was sunk by the escort of a nearby convoy with no survivors. This was the last enemy action near Mount's Bay.[4]
1946–1965
1946
1947
- March 22 – Schooner Empire Contamar ( United Kingdom): Ran aground in St Austell Bay. Seven crew rescued by the Fowey lifeboat. Refloated in June and declared a constructive total loss but rebuilt as a coaster and returned to service.
- April 23 – in storm force winds, the tug Bustler's hawser parted and the tug Melinda III slipped hers leaving HMS Warspite ( Royal Navy) to run aground whilst being towed to the breakers yard. She initially beached on the Mount Mopus Ledge near Cudden Point. Later refloating herself she went hard aground a few yards away in Prussia Cove and was partially scrapped. In 1950 she was towed to, beached and broken up at Marazion.[28]
1948
- November 1 – motor tanker St Guenole of Rouen ( France): ran aground at Penberth Cove whilst bound for Irvine from Nantes in ballast.[79]
1950
- The salvage boat Barnet ( United Kingdom) standing guard overnight under the Warspite’s bows, at Prussia Cove was holed in the engine room, towed off and eventually drifted ashore at Long Rock, a few miles to the west.[4]
- Steamer Sand Runner United Kingdom ran aground at St. Ives Head while bringing coal from Barry to Hayle. All crew saved and she was refloated the following day.[24]
1952
- unknown date – Liberty ( Liberia) hit the rocks under Pendeen Watch whilst on voyage from Newport to La Goulette. All the crew saved.[24]
- unknown date – minesweeper HMS Wave ( Royal Navy) dragged her anchor and went aground near St Ives Harbour in a 60 mph gale. All the crew were saved by breeches buoy. She was refloated and towed to Devonport.[24]
1954
- unknown date – coaster Traute Sarnow ( West Germany) bound from Cardiff to Ostend with coal struck rocks near Gurnard's Head. The crew and dog were saved by breeches buoy.[24]
1956
1957
- unknown date – St. Ives fishing lugger Nazarene ( United Kingdom) grounded at Pedn-vounder Beach near Porthcurno in fog whilst heading for Newlyn with pilchards. The ship was a total loss but the crew climbed the cliffs and walked to the village of Treen with their catch, nets and fishing gear worth over £1000.[24]
1958
- August 15 – fishing vessel Hesperian hit an underwater ledge between Carn Du and Penzer Point, west of Mousehole. Penlee lifeboat W & S towed her to Newlyn harbour.[23]
1962
- November 3 – Dieppe trawler Jeanne Gougy ( France) wrecked on Dr Syntax's Head, Land's End. The crew were trapped in an air pocket in the wheelhouse for six hours until low tide when they were rescued by Whirlwind Helicopter.[82][1]
- unknown date – 259 ton Dieppe trawler Gai Floreal ( France) beached near Zennor Cove. The crew were taken off by breeches buoy and she was towed off the rocks by the St Ives lifeboat.[24]
1963
1966–2000
1966
- April – the small coaster Saba ( Netherlands) was aided by the Scillonian III after her steel cargo shifted and she sank off Porthgwarra[4]
1972
- January 27 – the cruise ship Queen Frederica ( Greece) was driven aground in the Fowey Estuary after breaking free from her moorings in a storm.[83]
- November 5 – Nefili steamed into Dollar Cove, Land's End in fog when her radar failed. Crew saved by breeches-buoy. She sits directly on trawler La Varenne.[1]
1973
- December 13 – the fishing vessel Kergall ( France) of Guilvinec dragged her anchor whilst sheltering from a southerly gale and went ashore at Chyandour 100m west of Penzance railway station.[4]
1975
- January 25 – coaster Lovat sunk in a WNW gale gusting to hurricane force, 25 miles south of Penzance. All crew lost.[23]
1977
- September – Kerland ( France): a trawler sinking off the Runnelstone was aided by the Isles of Scilly ferry RMV Scillonian III[4]
- December 7 – the Boston Sea Ranger ( United Kingdom) of Lowestoft foundered off Gwennap Head during a southerly gale.[4]
- December 25 – Lady Camilla ( Denmark): The coaster sank off Cornwall, with loss of life including two children.[84]
- December 26 – on her first voyage after a major refit, the Conqueror ( United Kingdom) of Grimsby went ashore at Penzer Point, south of Mousehole. It was believed the crew were down below having breakfast and the trawler was on automatic pilot! The Penlee Lifeboat had insufficient power to tow the Conqueror off the rocks, assumed a 35° list and broke up on the rocks.[28]
1980
1981
1984
1988
- February 8 – Trawler Simone Marguerite ( Belgium) ran ashore on the Cressars Rock, Penzance, in a SW gale after steering the wrong side of the pole. Refloated by the Penlee Lifeboat.[4]
- September – Trawler New Pioneer ran aground at Merthen Point, St Loy. The Penlee Lifeboat took off her three crew.[85]
1995
Since 2001
2002
- January 1 – tanker Willy ( Cyprus) dragged her anchor and grounded in Cawsand Bay whilst awaiting orders, after discharging her cargo of unleaded petrol at the Cattewater, Plymouth two days previous.[86]
2003
2004
- March 27 – HMS Scylla Royal Navy deliberately sunk to form an artificial reef for diving in Whitsand Bay.
2008
- May 29 – Newlyn fishing boat The Girl Patricia ( United Kingdom) sank 28 nautical miles NW of Land's End. All four crew winched to safety by RNAS Culdrose helicopter.[87]
2010
2011
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Larn, Richard; Larn, Bridget. Wreck & Rescue round the Cornish coast. Redruth: Tor Mark Press. p. 48. ISBN 978 085025 406 8.
- ^ Pool, P A S (1981). "The Tithings of Cornwall". Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. New Series VIII (pt 4): 275-337.
- ^ a b c d e f g Larn, Richard; Larn, Bridget (1997). Shipwreck Index of the British Isles. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax Carter, C. (1998). The Port of Penzance. Lydney: Black Dwarf Publications. ISBN 0 9533028 0 6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Cornish Shipwrecks". http://www.connexions.co.uk/culture/shpwrck.htm. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ St Ives Times and Echo. 29 November, 1968
- ^ a b c d McBride, P. W. J., Richard, L. & Davis, R. (Ferdinand Research Group). (1971) "A Mid–17th Century Merchant Ship-wreck near Mullion, Cornwall: interim report". Cornish Archaeology 10: 75–78
- ^ "Schiedam". English Heritage. http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/maritime/map/schiedam/. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Leach, Nicholas (2003). Sennen Cove Lifeboats. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0 7524 3110 0.
- ^ Carter, Jonathan (3 July 2008). "First wreck project of its kind to start work". The Cornishman.
- ^ "Heneda". English Heritage NMR. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=920142&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=50.11591506&maplong=-5.53876579&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-5.5388&mapila=50.1159&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SW470300&mapigrn=30050&mapigre=147050&mapipc=&p=7&move=n&nor=161&recfc=0#aRt. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ "Mount Edgcumbe to display Cornish shipwreck cargo". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-16223071. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
- ^ Bart, Arthur (June 1949). "The Wherry mine, Penzance, its history and its mineral productions.". The Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of The Mineralogical Society XXVIII (205): 517-536.
- ^ a b c "The Barque John". St Keverne Local History Group. http://www.st-keverne.com/History/john/index.php. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ Gilly. Narratives of Shipwrecks of the Royal Navy. p. 125.
- ^ Hitchins, Fortescue (1824). Samuel Drew. ed. The History of Cornwall: from the earlist records and traditions ..., Volume 2. William Penaluna. p. 607. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YUYQAAAAYAAJ. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
- ^ "The Manacles". http://www.rsandthefaces.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/fh/john/manacles.html. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ Ward, C. S. & Baddeley, M. J. B. (1908) South Devon and South Cornwall; 7th ed. London: Thomas Nelson; p. 173
- ^ Peter Mitchell. "Submerged; The Queen". http://www.submerged.co.uk/queen.php. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ "Mentor". English Heritage NMR. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=920746&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=50.11591506&maplong=-5.53876579&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-5.5388&mapila=50.1159&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SW470300&mapigrn=30050&mapigre=147050&mapipc=&p=7&move=n&nor=161&recfc=0#aRt. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ a b Hitchins, Fortescue (1824). Samuel Drew. ed. Cornwall From The Earliest Records And Traditions, To The Present Time. Helston: William Penaluna. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YUYQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
- ^ "Wreck details". Wreck Site EU. http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?31045. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Corin, J; Farr, G (1983). Penlee Lifeboat. Penzance: Penlee & Penzance Branch of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. p. 120. ISBN 0 9508611 0 3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah "1893 - 1920". St. Ives Trust. http://www.stivestrust.co.uk/html/1893_-_1920.HTM. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ Acton, Bob (2004). Around Land's End. Devoran: Landfall Publications. ISBN 1 873443 48 X.
- ^ a b c "Dive Sites". Undersea Adventures Ltd. http://www.connexions.co.uk/undersea/divesites.htm. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ a b c "St Ives History". http://www.rnli.org.uk/rnli_near_you/southwest/stations/StIvesCornwall/history. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Larn, R. and Larn, B. (1991) Shipwrecks around Mounts Bay. Penryn: Tor Mark Press.
- ^ "Providence". English Heritage NMR. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=923753&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=50.11591506&maplong=-5.53876579&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-5.5388&mapila=50.1159&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SW470300&mapigrn=30050&mapigre=147050&mapipc=&p=7&move=n&nor=161&recfc=0#aRt. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ "Jane". Englsih Heritage NMR. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=923981&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=50.11591506&maplong=-5.53876579&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-5.5388&mapila=50.1159&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SW470300&mapigrn=30050&mapigre=147050&mapipc=&p=7&move=n&nor=161&recfc=0. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Leonard, Alan (2008). "Profiting from Shipwrecks". Picture Postcard Annual: pp14–16
- ^ a b c Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 15
- ^ Sarah Anderson
- ^ a b Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 30
- ^ a b Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 31
- ^ Noall, C. (1968?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; pp. 23
- ^ a b c d e f "Canon Diggens Archive". St Keverne Local History Society. http://www.st-keverne.com/History/diggens/d7.php. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
- ^ Canner, A. C. (1982) The Parish of Tintagel: some historical notes. Camelford: A. C. Canner; pp. 87-88
- ^ Dyer, Peter (2005) Tintagel: a portrait of a parish. [Cambridge]: Cambridge Books; pp. 431-34, 496-98
- ^ a b "Mystery wreck hands harbour a big headache". Western Morning News. http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Mystery-wreck-hands-harbour-big-headache/story-11501011-detail/story.html. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "SS Paknam (+1895)". http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?31767. Retrieved 2011-11-14.
- ^ a b Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 17
- ^ Canon Diggens Archive
- ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 13
- ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 2, 6
- ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 32
- ^ "Rodney (1874)". http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Ships/Merchant/Sail/R/Rodney%281874%29.html. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ^ a b Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 10
- ^ a b Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 16
- ^ "100 years ago". The Cornishman. 2 March 2006.
- ^ "Timeline; merchant and navy ship events 1900-1913". http://www.mareud.com/Timelines/1900-1913.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ^ a b Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 27
- ^ "SS William Cory (+1910)". http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?136465. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ^ Leonard, Alan (2008). "Profiting from Shipwrecks". Picture Postcard Annual: pp14–16
- ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 19
- ^ a b c Liddiard, John. "The Undiscovered Runnel Stone". http://www.jlunderwater.co.uk/old_site/photoix/runnelstone/index.htm. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 7
- ^ "Gallant Lifeboat Rescue". Poverty Bay Herald. 28 December 1911.
- ^ BBC special report on Padstow Lifeboat, BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/content/articles/2005/1013/padstow_lifeboat_feature.shtml, retrieved 2009-02-03
- ^ "Belgian Merchant P-Z". Belgische Koopvaardij. http://www.belgischekoopvaardij.net/belgian%20Merchant%20%20P-Z.pdf. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
- ^ "100 Years Ago". The Cornishman: p. 18. 10 February 2011.
- ^ "Diving Guide to Shipwrecks of the Lizard; Pindos". http://www.st-keverne.com/treleague/wrecks.html#pindos. Retrieved 2011-11-14.
- ^ Wreckchart information
- ^ A Diver's Guide to the Shipwrecks of The Lizard
- ^ Smith, Diana; Parnell Christine (2006). The Book of Veryan & Portloe. Tiverton: Halsgrove. ISBN 1 84114 493 2.
- ^ Noall, C. (1968?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; pp. 24-25
- ^ a b c d e "Belgian Merchant A-G". Belgische Koopvaardij. http://www.belgischekoopvaardij.net/belgian%20merchant%20A-G%2023.5.04.pdf. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
- ^ "SS Ballarat (+1917)". Wrecksite. http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?11849. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ Larn, Richard (1996). Dive South Cornwall. Underwater World Publications. pp. p211. ISBN 0-946020-25-6.
- ^ "Floating Bridge". Independent. 2 October 2011.
- ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 28
- ^ "When the boat goes out". http://www.spooky1.com/maritime/alba.htm. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
- ^ "British Ships Again Bombed" The Times (London). Tuesday, 24 January 1939. Issue 48211, col A, p. 11.
- ^ ""1137823"" (subscription required). Miramar Ship Index. R.B. Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz. Retrieved 25 April 2009. (confirms date)
- ^ "Casualty Reports" The Times (London). Tuesday, 31 January 1939. Issue 48217, col F, p. 22.
- ^ Rohwer, Jürgen; Gerhard Hümmelchen. "Verluste Deutscher Handelsschiffe 1939-1945 und unter deutscher Flagge fahrender ausländischer Schiffe: 1940" (in German). Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart. http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/verluste/ausl%2Bdtsch-4012.htm. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ^ "APOLLONIA/HOLMWOOD/KENNYMORE/TCC HOPPER N°3/ELK". warsailors.com. http://warsailors.com/forum/read.php?1,25475. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
- ^ Liddiard, John. "The James Eagan Layne". http://www.jlunderwater.co.uk/old_site/photoix/james/index.htm. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ Noall, Cyril (1978). The Illustrated Past: Penwith. Barracuda Books Limited: London. ISBN 0 86023 047 3.
- ^ "British Collier Sunk" The Times (London). Monday, 2 January 1956. Issue 53417, col C, p. 8.
- ^ "Lifeboat Driven Onto Ship Saves Crew" The Times (London). Tuesday, 3 January 1956. Issue 53418, col D, p. 6.
- ^ Salmon, Nigel (14 August 2008). "Goodbye to all that". The Cornishman.
- ^ "Liner runs aground" The Times (London). Friday, 28 January 1972. Issue 58387, col F, p. 1.
- ^ "Children's bodies found" The Times (London). Saturday, 31 December 1977. Issue 60199, col D, p. 3.
- ^ The Cornishman: p. 37. 28 August 2008.
- ^ "Report on the investigation of the grounding of mv willy Cawsand Bay, Plymouth Sound on 1 January 2002". Marine Accident Investigation Branch. October 2002. pp. 33. http://www.maib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/willy.pdf. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ Anon (5 June 2008). "Capsize boat given all-clear in tests". The Cornishman.
- ^ "Fishermen describe being plucked from sinking boat". The Cornishman. 17 March 2010.
- ^ "Ship runs aground near Cornwall's Pendeen lighthouse". BBC News Online. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-14384139. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ^ Toby Meyjes. Crew warned before big ship ran aground. The Cornishman 11 August 2011.
External links
- Protected Wreck Sites [1]
- Map of Designated Sites in UK [2]